The Effects of Perceived Crowding on Satisfaction and Place-Attachment of Theme Park Visitors

February 28, 2023  |  Vol.9, No.2  |  PP. 69-81  | PDF

AUTHORS:

Hyun-Jung Ji, Interdisciplinary Program of Management Consulting, Pukyong National University, Korea

Jae-Kyoon Jun, Division of Business, Pukyong National University, Korea

KEYWORDS:

Theme Park, Perceived Crowding, Satisfaction, Place Attachment

Abstract

Work-life balance social trends that balance one's work and personal life in harmony are increasing interest in leisure activities. While leisure life, which had been dampened by the slowing spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, is revitalizing, theme parks are gaining popularity as popular tourist products. Crowding experiences in a limited space within the theme park can lead to unsatisfactory results for visitors and negatively affect future behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to analyze how perceived crowding affects customer satisfaction for domestic theme park visitors. It is also intended to understand the effect of satisfaction on place attachment. The results of verifying the hypothesis for tourists visiting the theme park are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the effect of perceived crowding(human crowding and spatial crowding) on satisfaction, it was confirmed that perceived human crowding positively affects satisfaction, while perceived spatial crowding negatively affects satisfaction. Second, satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on both place attachment (place identity and place dependence). The results of this study are meaningful in providing implications for that they managing perception and increasing visitor satisfaction in terms of revitalizing theme parks and managing customer satisfaction.

Menu

APJCRI

    The purpose of this journal is to share and exchange the results of recent research by Asia-Pacific national researchers, and the purpose of the project is to publish the results of convergence research with the humanities and social sciences, including advanced research in specific fields.

References:

[1] https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=4336998&cid=43667&categoryId=43667, Oct 29 (2022)
[2] M. H. Yoo, The Effect of Service Quality and Availability on Revisit Intentions in Theme Park, Journal of the Association of Korean Photo-Geographers, (2012), Vol.22, No.1, pp.53-64.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35149/jakpg.2012.22.1.005
[3] R. J. Lee, B. Y. Kim, A Structural Relations between The Servicescape, Perceived Risk, Emotions, and Revisit Intentions of Theme Parks, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2013), Vol.25, No.5, pp.147-167.
UCI: G704-000823.2013.25.5.017
[4] E. S. Cho, A study of visitor’s behavioral intention according to the perceived crowding of theme parks: Using extended theory of planned behavior, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, (2022), Vol.36, No.2, pp. 93-107.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21298/IJTHR.2022.2.36.2.93
[5] https://biz.chosun.com/it-science/ict/2022/10/12/GQQH2DSRZFABLI4YZ64OLJ3HLM, Oct 29 (2022)
[6] http://www.jejumaeil.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=320126, Oct 29 (2022)
[7] D. Getz, Event Management and Event Tourism, New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation, (1997)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287598037002
[8] J. H. Yoon, M. G. Bae, The Crowding Perception, Reaction, and Satisfaction of The Festival Visitors: Aimed at Ulsan Onggi Festival, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2013), Vol.25, No.3, pp.127-141.
UCI: G704-000823.2013.25.3.004
[9] S. B. Kim, Study on the Effects of Visit Motivation on Perceived Crowding, Participation Satisfaction, Coping Behavior and Behavior Intention, Kyounghee University, Doctoral Dissertation, pp.1-146, (2014)
[10] E. J. Oh, Impacts of Theme Park Visitors' Perceived Crowding on Affects, Hedonic Values and Customer Loyalty, Sejong University, Doctoral Dissertation, pp.1-108, (2011)
[11] H. Kim, Examining The Structural Relationships Between Memorable Tourism Experiences, Tourist Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty Among Active Sport Tourists, Journal of Tourism Enhancement, (2020), Vol.8, No.4, pp.1-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35498/kotes.2020.8.4.001
[12] H. J. Choi, C. K. Lee, S. H. Oh, Structural relationships among tourists’ experience, perceived value, place attachment, and satisfaction in Yeosu: Focusing on the theory of experience economy, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, (2020), Vol.34, No.3, pp.5-19.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21298/IJTHR.2020.3.34.3.5
[13] J. H. Kim, H. S. Lee, S. M. Yoon, An Analysis for Structural Relationships among the Crowding Perception, Emotion, Satisfaction, and Trust of Tourists: Focusing on the Space of Yeosu Expo, The Academy of Customer Satisfaction Management, (2014), Vol.16, No.3, pp.25-40.
UCI: G704-000909.2014.16.3.007
[14] K. A. Machleit, S. A. Eroglu, S. P. Mantel, Perceived Retail Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: What Modifies This Relationship? Journal of Consumer Psychology, (2000), Vol.9, No.1, pp.29-42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0901_3
[15] I. H. Kang, W. S. Cho, Influence of Restaurants' Crowdedness in Tourist Destination on Customers' Perceived Risk, International Journal of Tourism Management and Sciences, (2011), Vol.25, No.6, pp.41-56.
UCI: G704-000941.2011.25.6.019
[16] R. L. Oliver, R. T. Rust, S. Varki, Customer Delight: Foundations, Findings, and Managerial Insight, Journal of Retailing, (1997), Vol.73, No.3, pp.311-336.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(97)90021-X
[17] J. D. Fridgen, Dimensions of Tourism, the Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association, Tourism and Hospitality Research, (1991), Vol.5, No.3, pp.235-253.
Available from: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19911898776
[18] J. Bowlby, The Bowlby-Ainsworth Attachment Theory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, (1979), Vol.2, No.4, pp.637-638.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955
[19] S. S. Yang, E. J. Oh, C. Jeong, The Effect of Expectancy on Crowding, Crowding Perception, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention for Winter Tourist on Island : A Case of visitors to u-do lsland, Journal of Tourism Studies, (2019), Vol.31, No.3, pp.121-140.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21581/jts.2019.08.31.3.121
[20] H. S. Oh, D. S. Lee, The effects of Crowding Perception on the Satisfaction and mediating effects of Social Proof - Focusing on the Jeonju Bibimbap Festival -, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2016), Vol.28, No.6, pp.234-254.
UCI: G704-000823.2016.28.6.009
[21] S. M. Yoon, C. K. Lee, H. Kang, Examining th Relationships among the Crowding, Perceived Risk, Satisfaction, Trust, and Support in a Festival Site: The Case of the Seoul Lantern Festival, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, (2014), Vol.16, No.6, pp.337-357.
UCI: G704-001700.2014.16.6.004
[22] S. B. Kim, H. J. Jung, K. U. Kim, A Study on the Relationship between Perceived Crowding, Satisfaction, Coping Behavior, and Behavioral Intention in Thema Park Visitors : Focusing on the Chinese Tourists Visiting ‘E’ Thema Park -, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, (2015), Vol.29, No.9, pp.65-76.
UCI: G704-001491.2015.29.9.007
[23] C. F. Chen, F. S. Chen, Experience Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions for Heritage Tourists, Tourism Management, (2010), Vol.31, No.1, pp.29-35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
[24] H. R. Lee, H. Lee, The Relationship among Volunteering Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Tourism Behavioral Intention in Regional-based Mega-Events, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2014), Vol.26, No.9, pp.253-272.
UCI: G704-000823.2014.26.9.030
[25] S. M. C. Loureiro, The Role of the Rural Tourism Experience Economy in Place Attachment and Behavioral Intentions, International Journal of Hospitality Management, (2014), Vol.40, pp.1-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.02.010
[26] J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin, R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, Multivariate Data Analysis, Sixth Edition, Pearson, (2006)
Available from: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/facpubs/2925/
[27] J. F. Hair, J. J. Risher, M. Sarstedt, C. M. Ringle, When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM, European Business Review, (2019), Vol.31, No.1, pp.2-24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
[28] R. P. Bagozzi, Y. Yi, On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, (1988), Vol.16, pp.74-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327
[29] H. J. Kim, A Study on the Relationship among Selection Attributes for Tourism Destination Storytelling, Place Attachment, Satisfaction, and Loyalty, Woosong University, Doctoral Dissertation, pp.1-153, (2014)
[30] J. H. Kim, Festival Performance Attributes Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of Cheongju Jikji Festival Visitors, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2016), Vol.28, No.7, pp.295-312.
UCI: G704-000823.2016.28.7.020
[31] S. M. Yoon, T. H. Lee, Effect Relationship of The Experience on Emotion and Satisfaction in Theme Park: Focused on The Perspective of Experiential Marketing, Journal of Tourism and Leisure Research, (2012), Vol.24, No.2, pp.289-308.
UCI: G704-000823.2012.24.2.008
[32] H. S. Jang, S. M. Yoon, An analysis for structural relationships among perceived safety satisfaction, trust, and behavioral intention of visitor in theme park: focusing on the moderating effect of involvement, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, (2018), Vol.20, No.3, pp.1-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31667/jhts.2018.09.76.1

Citations:

APA:
Ji, H. J., Jun, J. K. (2023). The Effects of Perceived Crowding on Satisfaction and Place-Attachment of Theme Park Visitors. Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange (APJCRI), ISSN: 2508-9080 (Print); 2671-5325 (Online), KCTRS, 9(2), 69-81. doi: 10.47116/apjcri.2023.02.06

MLA:
Ji, Hyun-Jung, et al. “The Effects of Perceived Crowding on Satisfaction and Place-Attachment of Theme Park Visitors.” Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange, ISSN: 2508-9080 (Print); 2671-5325 (Online), KCTRS, vol. 9, no. 2, 2023, pp. 69-81. APJCRI, http://fucos.or.kr/journal/APJCRI/Articles/v9n2/6.html.

IEEE:
[1] H. J. Ji, J. K. Jun, “The Effects of Perceived Crowding on Satisfaction and Place-Attachment of Theme Park Visitors.” Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange (APJCRI), ISSN: 2508-9080 (Print); 2671-5325 (Online), KCTRS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 69-81, February 2023.

Information

Guidelines

Article

Copyright © 2023 APJCRI. All Rights Reserved